First of all, explanations of what everything does! If you already know you can skip this, I just thought it might be useful. uvu
Alias is a different name for your note. In japanese banks it's mostly used for romaji to hiragana conversion, so your UTAU can sing in both. (eg. a.wav = あ)
Offset cuts off the sound in the beginning, like silence and consonants that are too long.
Consonant is the pink part that covers any sound that you don't want stretched when playing the note; so the note's consonant, and a bit of the vowel. I usually leave it between 100-120.
Cutoff is the opossite of offset, it cuts off sound in the end. Just use it where your voice starts to drop.
Preutterance and
Overlap have to do with... how the consonant sounds after another note? It's hard to explain haha, they're both important though! Preutterance goes where the consonant sound ends. The overlap depends on the preutterance and the sound you're editing. As a general rule, preutterance goes
after overlap, and it's not recommended for both to have the same value.
When you're editing the notes, you can press "P" to hear how it sounds the way it is now, and "s" to see the spectrum table. Both are really useful if you're unsure! The spectrum table is like this btw, it's a more detailed version of your sound file.
Vowels are the easiest. Just use offset and cutoff properly, and drag the consonant to 90-ish. Preutterance and overlap are both set to 0.
In short consonants like "k" and "t" (and anything similar like g, d, b, p etc.) leave the offset either where the note starts, or a little farther in if it's too long or it sounds weird. The overlap should be close to the beginning, or somewhere in the middle.
The same goes for sounds like "bya", "kya" and anything of the sort. Make sure to press P a lot and see if it sounds fine.
Consonants like "s", "sh", "ts", "h", "j" and "z" are long, and they're tricky and kinda harder. Your preutterance might be really long here, and that's good! But it's better if it's not bigger than 70, maybe 75 at most. I prefer if it's at 50-65, but it all depends on the specific note. Put the overlap at about 1/3 of the preutterance.
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